You've learned how to connect nouns in Korean using 하고, (이)랑, and 와/과. They are meant to connect nouns and you can't use them to connect sentences. Then how can we connect two sentences with "and" in Korean? You will learn about it here! 🤗
<Table of Contents>
0. Words
Let's check out some words you need to know... If you click the speaker button, you can listen to them. Make sure to repeat each word! Also, don't forget to add new words to your organizer!
dad | |
mom | |
to be pretty | |
to be handsome | |
to be tall | |
to be kind, nice |
You'll also need to know weather-related words. If you want to learn about them, please click here to read my other weather lesson!
⚐ My Language Tips!
① 키 means "height." To say someone or something is tall, we use this noun with the adjective 크다(to be big). The opposite word is 키가 작다.
② 착하다 is an adjective to describe someone's personality. When he or she has a good-natured, good-hearted personality, you can use 착하다.
③ 잘생기다 means "to be handsome," but in Korean, it is actually a verb. If we disassemble, 잘 means well and 생기다 to be formed. So, it means someone's appearance is formed well! That's probably why you have to use "잘생겼다" (the past tense form) to mean someone "is" handsome. If you want to say someone "was" handsome, you can say "잘생겼었다."
1. 그리고 Grammar
그리고 is a conjunctive adverb, meaning “and” or “and then”. You can use this to connect nouns, phrases, and clauses. However, it is not that common to use 그리고 to connect nouns. Usually 하고, (이)랑, 와/과 are more commonly used!
나 그리고 너 = 나 하고 너
me and you
바람이 불어요. 그리고 비가 와요.
It’s windy. And it’s rainy.
아빠는 선생님이에요. 그리고 엄마는 의사예요.
My dad is a teacher. And my mom is a doctor.
식당에 갔어요. 그리고 밥을 먹었어요.
I went to a restaurant. And then I had a meal.
2. 고 Grammar
고 is a connective ending. The connective ending means it combines two sentences into one while adding extra meaning. 고 adds the meaning "and". It is used to equally connect two or more facts regardless of time or order. Here is an example for you to combine two verbs (sentences).
바람이 불다 to be windy + 비가 오다 to be rainy
→ 바람이 불고 비가 오다.
→ You have to conjugate the last verb as well!
→ 바람이 불고 비가 와요. It’s windy and rainy.
You are probably able to tell where this 고 from. Yes, it's from 그리고! (They both mean “and.”) However, while 그리고 simply is attached to the second clause (or sentence), 고 makes them into one.
It’s windy and rainy.
바람이 불어요. 그리고 비가 와요.
= 바람이 불고 비가 와요.
My dad is a teacher and my mom is a doctor.
아빠는 선생님이에요. 그리고 엄마는 의사예요. → Two sentences
= 아빠는 선생님이고 엄마는 의사예요. → One sentence
3. 고 Conjugation
고 can be attached with a verb stem or an adjective stem, 이다 (be) or 아니다 (be not). Thankfully, it just has one form. You don’t have to worry about various conjugation rules! Good news, right? I'll show you some examples here. See how you can simply attach 고 to a stem!
Verbs 동사
읽다 → 읽고 read and
사다 → 사고 buy and
듣다 → 듣고 listen and
Adjectives 형용사
작다 → 작고 small and
크다 → 크고 big and
파랗다 → 파랗고 blue and
책상이다 → 책상이고 a desk and
의자이다 → 의자이고 = 의자고 a chair and
☆ In the case of N이다, when the noun ends with a vowel, 이고 can be shortened to just 고. This short form is usually used in conversations, not in written forms!
책상이 아니다 → 책상이 아니고 not a desk and(but)
의자가 아니다 → 의자가 아니고
☆ Dut to the meaning of 아니다(to be not), if you conjugate it with 고, it can show "it is not but." 이것은 책상이 아니고 의자예요. (It's not a desk but a chair.)
4. Sentence Information
Here are some additional information you may want to check out!
① Since 고 connects things equally, you can switch the first and second clauses. (Just like English!)
비가 오고 시원해요. = 시원하고 비가 와요.
It’s rainy and cool. = It’s cool and rainy.
② The subject of the first and second clauses can be the same or different.
The subjects of the first and second sentences are the same.
앤지씨는 예쁘다. + 앤지씨는 착하다.
→ 앤지 씨는 예쁘고 착해요.
Anji is pretty and kind.
The subjects of the first and second sentences are different.
아빠는 선생님이다. + 엄마는 의사이다.
→ 아빠는 선생님이고 엄마는 의사예요.
My dad is a teacher and my mom is a doctor.
5. Examples
Let's apply the grammar you learned today.
1
민수 씨는 한국에 살아요. 그리고 잭 씨는 미국에 살아요.
= 민수 씨는 한국에 살고 잭 씨는 미국에 살아요.
Minsu is living in Korea and Jack is living in the U.S.
살다 means to live. By using 그리고 or 고, we can improve the cohesion of your sentences. Usually, people like to say things quickly, so the short 고 version is more commonly used.
2
이것은 지우개예요. 그리고 그것은 연필이에요.
= 이것은 지우개고 그것은 연필이에요.
This is an eraser and that is a pencil.
이것 means "this" and it is used to point something close to a speaker. 그것 means "that" and it is used to point something close to a listener.
3
Q: 오늘 날씨가 어때요? How’s the weather today?
A: 춥고 눈이 와요. It’s cold and snowy.
You can switch the order and say "눈이 오고 추워요," like you can do so in English!
4
앤 씨는 캐나다 사람이고 준 씨는 영국 사람이에요.
Ann is Canadian and Jun is British.
5
민수 씨는 키가 크고 잘생겼어요.
Minsu is tall and handsome.
키가 크다 means "to be tall." 잘생기다 means "to be handsome." Both are used to describe 민수, so you can switch the two verbs without any problem!
6
저는 책을 읽고 동생은 숙제를 해요. I'm reading a book and my younger sibling is doing homework.
책 is a book or books. 읽다 means to read. 동생 is a younger sibling. It can be a sister or brother. If you want to specify, you can say 여동생 for younger sister and 남동생 for younger brother.
6. Wrap-up & Worksheet: And in Korean
Let's review the lesson! Read the summary and check your understanding using the free, printable PDF worksheet as well.
그리고 and 고 can connect two or more sentences as "and".
고 equally connect first and second clauses.
You can switch the order before and after 고.
고 can be attached to verbs, adjectives, 이다, and 아니다.
You don't have to change a stem to attach 고.
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